Bufo bufo (Anura: Bufoidae)’nın olağan dışı kış aktivitesi

As ectotherms, amphibians in the northern hemisphere are forced into hibernation due to seasonal periods of low temperatures, shorter days or reduced food supplies. Although it has been reported in recent years that some ectothermic animals may be active even in winter due to the effect of global climate change, winter activity records for toads are uncommon. Therefore, we would like to report a winter activity case from north Anatolia, Turkey via the common toad, Bufo bufo. Documenting these unusual winter events not only adds to the biological knowledge of the species, but also provides valuable preliminary evidence for analyzing climate change patterns.Ektotermik canlılardan biri olan amfibiler, kuzey yarımküredeki mevsimsel düşük sıcaklıklar, gündüz süresinin kısalması veya azalan gıda kaynakları nedeniyle kış uykusuna yatmak zorunda kalırlar. Son yıllarda küresel iklim değişikliğinin etkisiyle bazı ektotermik hayvanların kışın bile aktif olabileceği bildirilse de, kara kurbağaları için kış aktivitesi kayıtları nadirdir. Bu nedenle, Kuzey Anadolu,Türkiye'den bir kara kurbağası olan Bufo bufo aracılığıyla bir kış etkinliği vakasını bildirmek istiyoruz. Bu olağandışı kış olaylarını belgelemek, yalnızca türlerin biyolojik bilgisine katkıda bulunmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda iklim değişikliği modellerini analiz etmek için değerli ön kanıtlar sağlar

Malicious Payload Distribution Channels in Domain Name System

Botmasters are known to use different protocols to hide their activities under the radar. Throughout the past years, several protocols have been abused and recently Domain Name System (DNS) also became a target of such malicious activities. In this dissertation, we analyze the use of DNS as a malicious payload distribution channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of these payload distribution channels via DNS. We present a system to characterize such channels in the passive DNS (pDNS) traffic by modelling DNS query and response patterns. Then, we analyze the Resource Record (RR) activities of these channels to build their DNS zone profiles. Finally, we detect and assign levels of intensity for payload distribution channels by using a fuzzy logic theory. Our work is based on an extensive analysis of malware datasets for one year, and a near real-time feed of pDNS traffic. The experimental results reveal few long-running hidden domains used by Morto worm to distribute malicious payloads. We also found that some of these payloads are in cleartext, without any encoding or encryption. Our experiments on pDNS traffic indicate that our system can detect these channels regardless of the payload format. Passive DNS is a useful data source for DNS based research, and it requires to be stored in a database for historical data analysis, such as the work we present in this dissertation. Once this database is established, it can be used for any sort of threat analysis that requires DNS oriented intelligence. Our aim is to create a scalable pDNS database, that contains potentially valuable security intelligence data. We present our pDNS database by discussing the database design, implementation challenges, and the evaluation of the system

Towards harmonizing property measurement standards

Area and volume values of buildings and building parts have been used in many applications including taxation, valuation and land use planning. Many countries maintain a national standard for representing the measurements of floor areas in buildings. The national standards generally use similar basis for measuring building floor areas, in fact, areas specified in national standards often have semantic differences. Therefore, a number of international standards have been developed for harmonizing floor area measurements; however, they also have differences. This study aims at harmonizing the floor areas defined in the international property measurement standards by revealing the semantic relations between them and formalizing them with an ontological approach. To achieve this objective, the international property measurement standards were firstly examined in order to identify semantics, principles and practices in floor area measurements. Then, the obtained information were utilized to develop a set of measurement ontologies for harmonizing the property measurement standards. This paper also investigates 3D data standards to reveal whether they can be utilized for realizing the property measurement standards

Visualisation and dissemination of 3D valuation units and groups:An LADM valuation information compliant prototype

The timely and effective dissemination of property values is an essential part of a transparent and efficient property valuation system. Over the last decade, web-based data-sharing systems have been increasingly used for the dissemination of assessed property values. 3D valuation units (e.g., condominium) and groups (aggregation of valuation units, e.g., a building floor in a multi-occupied building, a multi-occupied building, street, district or valuation zone) may be required to better communicate with users and to support a more effective and efficient dissemination. However, none of these systems share valuation information associated with 3D representation of the valuation units and groups. In this paper, a prototype of a web-based system is developed utilising the proposed Valuation Information part of the Edition II of the ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model compliant dataset for not only disseminating the spatial, physical, thematic and temporal characteristics of 3D valuation units, but also for sharing the valuation statistics at each designated level and with level-specific attributes. It is expected that the outcomes of this work may contribute to the development of local or national valuation systems and systems for geo-based data visualisation for effective and efficient sharing of valuation information. As such, it is anticipated that the study's outcomes will not only increase the level of communication with the public, but also support politicians and planners in their decision-making processes and help them to better analyse and understand the property market. With the proposed system, confidence in valuation results can be further increased due to the high level of transparency.Digital Technologie

KÜRESEL GRAFİTLİ DÖKME DEMİRLERDE AŞILAYICILARIN MİKROYAPI ve MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERE ETKİSİ

KÜRESEL GRAFİTLİ DÖKME DEMİRLERDE AŞILAYICILARIN MİKROYAPI ve MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERE ETKİSİÖzetKüresel grafitli dökme demirlerin alaşımlarından biri olan EN-GJS 400-15, yüksek darbe direnci, yüksek uzama kabiliyeti olan bir demir karbon alaşımıdır. Diğer küresel grafitli dökme demir çeşitlerine göre üretilebilirliği, maliyet ve üretim yöntemi açısından bakıldığında endüstride kullanımı oldukça yaygındır. Endüstride kullanımda olan farklı kimyasal bileşimlerde aşılayıcı malzemeler bulunmaktadır. Aşılayıcı malzemelerin endüstride, miktar ve kullanım yöntemleri farklılık göstermektedir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada Baryum (Ba), Bizmut (Bi) ve Seryum (Ce) içerikli aşıların mikro yapısal ve mekanik özelliklere olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Kullanılan aşılayıcılar arasında Baryum (Ba) esaslı aşılayıcı malzemenin Kükürt (S) elementi kimyasal analizine ve mikro yapıya olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Mikroyapı karakterizasyonu optik mikroskop, mekanik özellikler ise sertlik değerleri sonuçları olarak incelenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Küresel grafitli dökme demir, aşılayıcı, EN-GJS 400-15, Baryum (Ba), Bizmut (Bi), Seryum (Ce), Kükürt (S), mikro yapı, mekanik testEFFECT OF INOCULANTS ON MICROSTRUCTURE and MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN SPHROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRONS AbstractEN-GJS 400-15, one of the alloys of spheroidal graphite cast iron, is a type of iron with its high impact resistance and high elongation properties. Compared with other types of spheroidal graphite cast iron, it has been in widespread use in industry from the point of producibility, cost and production process. Inoculants with various chemical compositions are present for industrial use. Inoculants vary in terms of amount and usage in industry. For that reason, within the scope of this study, the effects of inoculants with Barium (Ba), Bismuth (Bi) and Cerium (Ce) on microstructural and mechanic properties are investigated. Among the used inoculants, the impact of inoculants containing Barium (Ba) on the chemical analysis of the element Sulfur (S) and microstructure is analyzed. Microstructures are evaluated via optic microscope while mechanic properties are evaluated in terms of hardness.Keywords: Spheroidal graphite cast iron, Inoculant, EN-GJS 400-15, Barium (Ba), Bismuth (Bi), Cerium (Ce), Sulfur (S), Microstructure, Mechanic tes